Francis Nyamnjoh: Pour un systme ducatif adapt au dveloppement de lAfrique quelques considrations pistmologiques

About Francis Nyamnjoh

Francis B. Nyamnjoh is Professor of anthropology at the University of Cape Town in South Africa
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Pour un système éducatif adapté au développement de l’Afrique – quelques considérations épistémologiques

Par Francis B. Nyamnjoh

(Traduit de l’anglais : ‘A Relevant Education for African Development - Some Epistemological Considerations’, paru dans Africa Development, Vol. XXIX, No.1, 2004, pp.161-184)

Résumé
Le présent article pose le postulat selon lequel l’éducation en Afrique est victime d’une transposition épistémologique dans laquelle la science est une idéologie et une hégémonie. Conformément à cette transposition idéologique, l’éducation en Afrique et/ou pour les Africains a toujours été comparable à un pèlerinage au Kilimanjaro des idéaux intellectuels occidentaux et au parcours tortueux du Calvaire à la quête d’un mieux être. Parfois, sous le prétexte de la nécessité d’être compétitive sur le plan international, la tendance pour l’élite a toujours été de calquer le système éducatif africain sur le modèle occidental, sans grand effort d’adaptation.

L’éducation en Afrique a toujours largement été et demeure un parcours fait d’inadéquations exogènes et intériorisées chez les Africains, et dont la mission est de dévaloriser ou d’annihiler la créativité, l’organisation et le système de valeurs africains. Cette aliénation culturelle n’a contribué qu’à renforcer chez l’Africain le sentiment d’auto-dépréciation et de mal-être, ainsi qu’un profond sentiment d’infériorité qui à son tour, l’obligent à « sortir de la caverne » physique et métaphorique pour satisfaire l’Occident. L’article soutient que l’avenir de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique ne pourra s’épanouir qu’à travers un processus méticuleux de restitution et d’indigénisation culturelles, bien que les intellectuels africains continuent de collaborer et de converser avec leurs collègues d’occident et d’ailleurs. Pour prendre part au débat intellectuel et universitaire mondial, l’Afrique doit y aller avec ses propres arguments, en ayant comme principes directeurs les intérêts et préoccupations de l’Africain ordinaire.